Figure 4: Heterozygous Hsf-1-knockout AR-97Q mice have more severe muscle atrophy than AR-97Q mice.

(a) Muscle atrophy is enhanced in the Hsf-1-knockout AR-97Q mice compared with the AR-97Q mice (10 weeks old). (b) Footprints of 13-week-old AR-97Q and Hsf-1-knockout AR-97Q mice. The front paws are shown in red, while the hind paws are shown in blue. (c) Quantification of the footprints revealed that the stride length was significantly shortened in the heterozygous Hsf-1-knockout AR-97Q mouse (13 weeks old). Unpaired t-test (n=3). Cumulative survival (d), body weight (e), grip power (f) and Rotarod task (g) of AR-97Q and Hsf-1-knockout AR-97Q mice. There were significant differences in all parameters between the AR-97Q (n=12) and heterozygous Hsf-1-knockout AR-97Q (n=15) mice by unpaired t-test: P<0.05 (d); P<0.05 at 16 weeks (e); P<0.05 at 25 weeks (f); and P<0.05 at 25 weeks (g). Error bars indicate s.e.m. (c–g).