Figure 1: Carotid artery atheroprone and atheroprotective shear stress waveforms evoke distinct endothelial phenotypes. | Nature Communications

Figure 1: Carotid artery atheroprone and atheroprotective shear stress waveforms evoke distinct endothelial phenotypes.

From: Human haemodynamic frequency harmonics regulate the inflammatory phenotype of vascular endothelial cells

Figure 1

(a) Previously blood flow velocities (Uz) from the internal and common carotid arteries were measured. Using this information, the haemodynamic parameters wall shear stress (τw), oscillatory shear index (OSI) and the harmonic index (HI) were computed between these different regions circumferentially around the blood vessel. (b) Atheroprone and atheroprotective shear stress waveforms from the human internal carotid sinus (ICS) and common carotid artery (CCA), respectively, were applied in vitro to confluent ECs for 24 h. Pro-inflammatory proteins (c) and gene expression (d) were elevated under atheroprone flow, while the opposite was seen with anti-inflammatory genes (e). Statistics: *P<0.05 for Student’s one-sample t-test, N=4–10.

Back to article page