Figure 3: Shear stress frequency harmonics contribute to inflammatory phenotype. | Nature Communications

Figure 3: Shear stress frequency harmonics contribute to inflammatory phenotype.

From: Human haemodynamic frequency harmonics regulate the inflammatory phenotype of vascular endothelial cells

Figure 3

(a,b) Frequency harmonic content was swapped between control waveforms using Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) to create new ‘mutated’ waveforms for harmonics 1–8. (c,d) The effect of mutating frequency harmonics on NF-κB activity was assessed, along with proinflammatory gene E-Selectin and anti-inflammatory gene, KLF2. Statistics: *P<0.05 for ANOVA (c,d), N=4–7.

Back to article page