Table 4 Instances of delayed headstand signalling.

From: Referential gestures in fish collaborative hunting

Delay length

Delay

Potential recipient within 10 m during

Species that inspects crevice (time after signal commences)

(min)

follows

delay

<1 min

1–2 min

2

Hunt

Moray

None

Moray

2

Hunt

None

Emperor

None

3

Wrasse leaving

None

Wrasse

None

9

Hunt

Moray

Wrasse

None

10

Hunt

None

Wrasse

None

12

Hunt

None

Wrasse

None

25

Hunt

None

Wrasse

None

  1. Details of all cases where a grouper’s headstand signal was delayed following an unsuccessful hunt or a hunting partner leaving the location of an escaped prey.