Figure 7: Calfacilitin is required for neural induction.

Calfacilitin MOs (a,b) but not control MOs (c,d) block induction of Sox2 by Hensen’s node, but do not affect induction of the earlier marker Sox3 (e,f). The effect can be rescued both by Calfacilitin cDNA (g,h top, bottom shows a section revealing Sox2 rescue in the host epiblast) and by the Calcium ionophore ionomycin (i,j). Hensen’s node grafts have reduced ability to induce Geminin in Calfacilitin-MO-electroporated epiblast (k,l) as compared with control-MO epiblast (m,n). This induction can also be rescued either by co-electroporation of Calfacilitin cDNA (o,p top, bottom shows a section revealing Geminin rescue in the host epiblast) or by ionomycin beads (q,r). In situ probe (purple) indicated on the lower left of each panel. Anti-fluorescein (to reveal fluorescein-labelled MO; brown in b,d,f,h top, j,l,n,p,r) reveal electroporated cells. Scale bar, 100 μm (a,b,e,f,h bottom,k,l); Scale bar, 180 μm (c,d,i,j,o–r); Scale bar, 400 μm (g,h top, m,n); Scale bar, 50 μm (p bottom).