Figure 2: Characterization of the grafting of aryl diazonium salts on graphene.

(a) Photographic and AFM images (scale bar, 700 nm) of graphene completely covering the quartz crystal resonator (graphene/gold/quartz crystal). (b) Schematic of the process of molecular monolayer formation on graphene. (c) Cyclic voltammograms of bare gold-coated quartz (black line) and graphene/gold-coated quartz (red line) in 0.05 M H2SO4 at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. (d) In-situ frequency changes due to the self-assembly of aryl diazonium molecules.