Figure 5: Performance of PLED devices and proposed electron-injection mechanisms.
From: All-solution processed polymer light-emitting diode displays

(a) J–V–L characteristics of the devices. (b) LE–J characteristics of the devices. The weight ratios of BL range from 10:0 to 10:0.4. (c) Three electron-injection mechanisms. Path 1: the electrons are injected to the emitting layer through the BL cracks. The BL solvent facilitates the electron injection. Path 2: the percolation path through the BL is not established. The electrons must overcome the large injection barrier presented by the BL. Path 3: the percolation path of PFNR2 in BL facilitates electron injection.