Figure 3: Bimodality in real networks.
From: Emergence of bimodality in controlling complex networks
(a) The number of redundant nodes Nr in real networks (Supplementary Tables S1 and S2) and the theoretical prediction of equations (1) and (2). Hollow symbols represent networks characterized by centralized control (Δnr>0) and solid symbols correspond to the distributed control mode (Δnr<0). For networks marked with a star symbol, Δnr≈0 and the control mode can not be identified. (b) nr versus 1−nD for real networks. The networks follow the two branches corresponding to centralized and distributed control (highlighted bands). (c) A network in the centralized control mode. (d) After flipping the direction of one link in c (highlighted in both c and d), the control configuration changes from centralized to distributed mode. For both networks ND=5 and Nc=2, but in the centralized mode 8 nodes have a role in control (2 critical plus 6 intermittent) while in the distributed mode 43 nodes are engaged in control (2 critical plus 41 intermittent).
