Figure 1: Schematic of metal–graphene multilayer system synthesis.
From: Strengthening effect of single-atomic-layer graphene in metal–graphene nanolayered composites

Graphene is first grown using CVD and transferred onto the evaporated metal thin film on an oxidized Si substrate. The PMMA layer is then removed, and the next metal thin film layer is evaporated. By repeating the metal deposition and graphene transfer processes, Cu–graphene nanolayered composites are synthesized with different repeated metal thicknesses of 70, 125 and 200 nm, and Ni–graphene nanolayered composites are synthesized with repeated metal thicknesses of 100, 150 and 300 nm. The mechanical properties were studied by compression testing of nanopillars etched by FIB. The scale bar for the floating graphene is 10 mm and that for the TEM is 200 nm.