Figure 7: R-loop-promoted mutagenesis requires ssDNA endonuclease TraI.
From: R-loops and nicks initiate DNA breakage and genome instability in non-growing Escherichia coli

The abundance of R-loops caused by deletion of rnhA is not sufficient, but also requires TraI-generated ssDNA nicks, to promote mutagenesis. Therefore generation of DSEs by R-loops requires both an R-loop and a ssDNA nick. Strains: WT, SMR4562; ΔrnhA, PJH683; ΔtraI, PJH234; ΔrnhA ΔtraI, PJH 963. Mean±s.e.m. of three experiments.