Table 2 Cross-correlation analysis of the SCDPD and seven paleoclimate proxies.

From: Regional population collapse followed initial agriculture booms in mid-Holocene Europe

Region

Greenland GICC05 (ref. 44) (δ18O)

Crag Cave, Ireland 45 (δ18O)

Abisko Valley, Northern Sweden 46 (°C)

Northern Norway Aspvatnet Glacial Lake 47 (Percent of present winter precipitation, Lyngen)

Northeastern Norwegian Sea 49 Surface temperature (°C)

North Atlantic temperature 48 G. bulloides temperature (°C)

North Atlantic temperature 48 G. inflata temperature (°C)

Wessex-Sussex

0.7854

0.1223

0.0231

0.0390

0.3855

0.4163

0.0062

Ireland

0.0465

0.0897

0.7667

0.0398

0.9260

0.5932

0.0341

Scotland

0.2443

0.6775

0.3315

0.8236

0.0346

0.5189

0.5093

Paris Basin

0.6192

0.0660

0.5166

0.0311

0.9305

0.5615

0.0009*

Rhone-Languedoc

0.0979

0.0178

0.1523

0.2556

0.0931

0.5178

0.0235

Rhineland-Hesse

0.1273

0.0800

0.0293

0.0001*

0.9746

0.8707

<0.0001*

Northern Germany

0.5347

0.2502

0.6653

0.6644

0.8965

0.0335

0.3695

Central Germany

0.1247

0.0084

0.6751

0.5902

0.0624

0.9060

0.1357

Southern Germany

0.5763

0.1715

0.8045

0.2242

0.6801

0.2933

0.1052

Jutland

0.0713

0.0002*

0.0688

0.0132

0.9832

0.9057

0.0001*

Danish Islands

0.9636

0.6024

0.0590

0.4135

0.0921

0.8033

0.2208

Scania

0.5164

0.1683

0.0767

0.1886

0.3954

0.8185

0.0202

  1. P-values are reported using the absolute value of the largest correlation coefficient at any lag between 0 and 1,000. When the lower limit of the statistical method’s precision is exceeded P-values are listed as ‘<0.0001’.
  2. A statistically significant correlation is indicated by ‘*’ when the reported P-value is smaller than P<0.0051, the 95% confidence level calculated using the Šidák correction (see Methods).
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