Figure 3: Evolution of nitrogen atomic nature in CNFs by XPS.
From: Renewable and metal-free carbon nanofibre catalysts for carbon dioxide reduction

(a) Deconvoluted N1s spectra for CNFs before and (b) after electrochemical experiments. In used catalysts CNFs N1s spectra, N-oxide type of nitrogen content reduced radically and new peak (green solid line) at 400.2 eV (pyridonic N) appears. (c,d) The corresponding atomic structure on the basis of XPS analysis.