Figure 3: Functionality of TRAP-specific CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells.

(a) Peak immunogenicity (day 63=7 days after boosting) and (b) time of challenge (day 76). N=10 for adenovirus-only group and n=14 for Ad-M group. Frequencies of cytokine-secreting CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. *Staining for CD107a⁺ expression performed at challenge B only. Mean (with s.e.m.) responses are shown. (c,d) T cell responses shown are grouped according to number of functions at peak (c) and challenge (d). Pie charts summarize the fractions of the total response that are positive for three, two or one functions. All possible combinations of functions are shown in the bar chart stratified by vaccination regimen, with the y axis showing the percentage of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ cells. Data points represent individual volunteers.