Figure 2: Formation process and characterization of the ultrathin CeO2 sheets with numerous surface pits.

(a) Schematic illustration for the formation of ultrathin CeO2 sheets with numerous surface pits and intact ultrathin CeO2 sheets. Note that the heating temperature and time have a vital role in the formation of pits on their surface. (b–d) Characterizations for the three-atom-thin CeO2 sheets with numerous surface pits: (b) HRTEM image, (c) AFM image and (d) the height profile along the white line indicated in (c). The scale bars in (c) and (d) are 3 and 100 nm, respectively. The inset circles and arrows in (b) and (c) denote the presence of pits on their surface.