Figure 1: Crystallographic orientation, shape and slip systems of the Au [110] nanowires.

(a) Schematic illustration of the growth morphology of Au [110] nanowires. The side faces are bound by four large {111} (yellow) and two small {100} faces (red) parallel to the [110] growth direction, resulting in a truncated rhombic cross-sectional shape. The top end of the Au nanowires is bound by two inclined {111} faces in a wedge shape. Small {100} facets are observed to exist where the four {111} facets intersect at the top corners. (b,c) TEM DF images of a pristine Au nanowire recorded using the g= two-beam diffraction condition from the [001] viewing direction, and with the g=111 from the
direction, respectively. Only thickness fringes are visible, without any additional diffraction contrast from dislocations. Scale bars, 100 nm. (d) Equilibrium cross-sectional shape of the Au [110] nanowire calculated by the Wulff construction. (e) Slip systems of the Au [110] nanowires using the Thompson’s tetrahedron.