Figure 2: SEM images of thin-film Cu2O photocathodes.

(a) Surface-protected photocathode before HER catalyst deposition. Scale bar, 1 μm. (b) Photocathode after MoS2+x catalyst photoelectrochemical deposition by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and activation for H2 evolution for 1 h at pH 1.0. Scale bar, 1 μm. (c, left) Cross-sectional SEM image of the protective layers (20 nm AZO and 100 nm TiO2) on Cu2O and (right) a ca. 100 nm of MoS2+x film on top of the protected Cu2O electrode. Scale bars, 200 nm.