Figure 5: Thermal behaviour of the superparamagnetic/superparaelectric phase.
From: Size-induced enhanced magnetoelectric effect and multiferroicity in chromium oxide nanoclusters
The data shown are from three different samples with tCr=0.19 nm (b), tCr=0.40 nm (a,f) and tCr=0.74 nm (b–e). The two extreme values correspond, respectively, to the smallest and largest clusters investigated in the present work. (a) R(H) data taken at different temperatures T on decreasing the magnetic field from 1 T to 0 T plotted against H/T. The data have been normalized to account for the temperature dependence of the magnetoresistance (ΔR) and zero magnetic field resistance (R0) of the device. (b) Temperature variations of the maximum TMR ratio (top) and relative depth of the low-bias dip (bottom) for the largest (solid symbols) and smallest clusters (open symbols). (c,d) Hysteretic R(H) (c) and TMR(V) (d) curves obtained at 4 K for the largest clusters. (e) TMR(V) curves at various temperatures between 6 K and 250 K (largest clusters). (f) TMR(V) data at different temperatures plotted against V/T. The raw data have been normalized to eliminate the temperature dependence of the depth of the low-bias dip.
