Figure 6: Hierarchical assembly of the foldamer crystal.

Hydrogen bonds are shown as yellow dashed lines and fluorine atoms are displayed as spheres. The yellow wires are lattices defined by the symmetry of the crystal. (a) The supramolecular synthon (denoted in pink shadow) is characterized by its combined aromatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. (b) The elbow-like synthons induce the formation of a hexagonal ring. (c) Two six-membered rings associate by hydrophobic trifluoromethyl zippers and hydrogen bonds between the guanidine and carbonyl. (d,e) Further stabilization by trifluoromethyl zippers prompts the assembly of a saddle-shaped tetramer of hexamers and then the double-crown-shaped long-range synthon module. (f) The modules pack in primitive cubic cells to form the framework-like crystal.