Figure 5: Device structure and characteristics of the DHNR LEDs.

(a) Energy band diagram of the DHNR LED along with a schematic of device structure. (b) EL spectra of a DHNR LED at the indicated applied current densities plotted along with the normalized PL spectrum of the DHNR film and photographs of a working device operating at the indicated voltages. (c) External quantum efficiency versus current density. Inset shows the dependence of luminance (L) on the applied voltage. (d) Dependence of current and power efficiencies on L.