Figure 1: Linking the ENSO phase with the key growth interval of a crop.
From: Impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation on the global yields of major crops
(a) ENSO phase during the reproductive growth period of spring and winter wheat, both harvested in 1983. Light grey indicates that the crop calendar is unavailable, and dark grey designates non-cropland. Only the winter cropping system is presented if both systems are used in a region. The box in the Pacific indicates the Niño3.4 region. (b) Oceanic Niño Index monthly time series; the orange (blue) line indicates the threshold SST of +0.5 °C (−0.5 °C) that categorizes the ENSO phase as El Niño (La Niña), and the grey shaded area indicates the year 1983.
