Figure 2: Impacts of El Niño on crop yield anomalies for four crops.
From: Impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation on the global yields of major crops
The 5-year running mean method was used to calculate normal yield. The significance level of the difference in averaged yield anomaly between El Niño years and neutral years was set to be 10% (using the bootstrap with iteration of 10,000 times; the sample size is 7 for El Niño and 8 for neutral years). The pie diagrams indicate the percentages of harvested area in the aforementioned areas. All data in the pie diagrams are normalized to the global harvested area in 2000.
