Figure 4: Global-mean yield anomalies for four crops during each phase of ENSO.
From: Impacts of El Niño Southern Oscillation on the global yields of major crops
The 5-year running mean method was used to calculate normal yields. Histograms of global-mean yield anomalies (deviations from normal yields) in El Niño years (red), La Niña years (blue) and neutral years (grey). The numbers in each panel are the mean values. The numbers in parentheses indicate the bootstrap probability that the global-mean yield anomaly in El Niño (La Niña) years is lower than that in neutral years. A bootstrap probability value of 0.999 (0.001) indicates a significantly smaller (larger) global-mean yield anomaly in El Niño (La Niña) years compared with that in neutral years at the 0.1% level (using the bootstrap with iteration of 10,000 times).
