Figure 5: Generalized twinnability map.
From: The critical role of grain orientation and applied stress in nanoscale twinning

The y axis, where τmax is normalized by σVon Mises, represents how well the slip/twin plane is oriented relative to the bulk stress state. The x axis, θτ, represents how well the lead/twinning Burgers vector is oriented relative to τmax. The contours represent the stress magnitude for which twinning becomes favourable for different combinations of slip/twin plane orientation and Burgers vector orientation. σVon Mises was chosen as a scalar representation of a general stress state. The letters on the graph refer to the predominant orientations observed in this study. γesf=40 mJ m−2 and |b|=0.147 nm.