Figure 5: Whole-genome-wide comparison of genes involved in glucosinolate metabolism pathways in B. oleracea and its relatives.
From: The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes
(a) Aliphatic and indolic GSL biosynthesis and catabolism pathways in A. thaliana, B. oleracea and B. rapa. The copy number of GSL biosynthetic genes in A. thaliana, B. rapa and B. oleracea are listed in square brackets, respectively. Potential anticancer substances/precursors are highlighted in blue bold. Two important amino acid chain elongation and side-chain modification loci MAMs and AOP2 are highlighted in red bold, within the number in the green bracket representing the number of non-functional genes. (b,c) The neighbour-joining (NJ) trees of MAM and AOP genes were generated based on the aligned coding sequences and 100 bootstrap repeats. The silenced genes are indicated by red hollow circle, expressed functional genes are represented by red solid disc and green rectangle. In A. thaliana ecotype Columbia there are just MAM1 and MAM3. (d) Three B. oleracea AOP2 loci among which are one functional AOP2 and two mutated AOP2. 1MOI3M: 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL; 1OHI3M: 1-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL; 3MSOP: 3-methylsulfinylpropyl GSL; 3MTP: 3-methylthiopropyl GSL; 3PREY: 2-Propenyl GSL; 4BTEY: 3-butenyl GSL; 4MOI3M: 4-methoxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL; 4OHB, 4-hydroxybutyl GSL; 4OHI3M: 4-hydroxyindol-3-ylmethyl GSL; 4MSOB: 4-methylsulfinylbutyl GSL; 4MTB, 4-methylthiobutyl GSL; AITC: allyl isothiocyanate; I3C: indole-3-carbinol; I3M: indolyl-3-methyl GSL; DIM: 3,3′-diindolymethane; MAM: methylthioalkylmalate; AOP: 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase.
