Figure 3: Initial discharge of polysulphide and LixS deposition on the electrospun nanofiber electrodes.

(a) Initial discharge/charge voltage profiles at a C/5 current rate of ITO-C and carbon nanofiber electrode, respectively. (b) Plot of initial discharge capacities of ITO-C and carbon nanofiber electrodes at C/5 current rate as the function of the mass of the used electrodes. (c–e) SEM image, magnified SEM image and TEM image of a carbon nanofiber electrode after discharge showing the microparticles formed on the nanofiber electrode. (f–h) SEM image, magnified SEM image and TEM image of ITO-C nanofiber electrode after discharge showing the nanoparticles formed on the nanofiber electrode. Arrows were used to mark the particles on the nanofibers. (c,f) Scale bar, 2 μm. (d,e,g,h) Scale bar, 500 nm.