Figure 5: Prognostic value of pseudogene expression in KIRC.

(a) KIRC subtypes are classified based on the expression of 500 pseudogenes with the most variable patterns through unsupervised analysis using NMF, n=446. (b) Kaplan–Meier plot showing correlations of the two pseudogene expression subtypes with overall survival (log-rank test P=0.019). Red denotes pseudogene expression subtype 1 (n=234); blue denotes pseudogene expression subtype 2 (n=212). (c) P-value distribution of individual pseudogene expressions in multivariate Cox proportional hazards model containing clinical variables. (d) Kaplan–Meier plot of the four risk groups defined by clinical variables in terms of overall survival, and the two middle-risk groups cannot be separated (Q2 (n=111) vs Q3 (n=112), log-rank test P=0.48). (e) Kaplan–Meier plot showing that the two pseudogene expression subtypes can effectively separate the samples in the two medium-risk groups in terms of overall survival (Q2 (n=113) vs Q3 (n=110), log-rank test P=9.6 × 10⁻³).