Figure 2: Dated Bayesian phylogeny of the New Guinean Exocelina radiation and paleotectonic evolution of the New Guinean archipelago.
From: The towering orogeny of New Guinea as a trigger for arthropod megadiversity
A time-scale is indicated spanning the full evolutionary history of the group. Asterisks above the nodes indicate strong support (PP≥0.95) for the reconstruction of the ancestral altitude state. Pastilles code for vertical distribution according to legend; purple stars=distribution on continental Bird’s Head terranes; red diamonds=north coast terranes; blue triangles=Papuan Peninsula. Coloured branches indicate the reconstruction of the ancestral horizontal distribution state (black branches=central orogen). Panels a–c on the left side show maps of the distribution of land and sea at respectively 10 Ma, 5 Ma and at present after ref. 21 (green, land; dark blue, deep sea; lighter blue, shallow sea; red white brick, calcareous plateaus possibly exposed at times; orange, highland; grey, high altitude above 2,800 m). All maps are at the same scale indicated in a. Below is a schematic summary in a South-to-North orientation of major tectonic processes from proto- to present day New Guinea. Panels d–f highlight the orogenic dynamics that took place during the evolution of the Exocelina radiation respectively between 12–8 Ma, 8–4 Ma and 4–0 Ma. Far right in purple: drifting and colliding continental Bird’s Head terranes; front in red: north coast terranes; central orogen with altitudinal zones colour codes as on the tree, Papuan Peninsula in blue at the far left. Numbers and letters in the tree refer to the major clades and subclades of the radiation.
