Figure 1: Schematic layout of the single-shot 3D structure determination using femtosecond XFEL pulses.

XFEL pulses were focused to a ~1.5-μm spot by a pair of K-B mirrors. Single-shot diffraction patterns were acquired from high-index-faceted gold nanocrystals based on the diffraction-before-destruction scheme. By using the symmetry of the nanocrystal and the curvature of the Ewald sphere, a 3D diffraction pattern was generated from a single-shot diffraction pattern, from which a 3D reconstruction was computed with a resolution of ~5.5 nm.