Figure 1: Comparison of twin and population-level analyses.
Comparison of estimates of heritability and genetic correlation between reading and mathematics as estimated by twin and population-level models. (a) comparison of heritability estimates. A, C and E stand for additive genetic, shared environment and non-shared environment effects, respectively, and G denotes the population-level estimate of additive genetic effects. (b) comparison of estimates of genetic correlation in reading and mathematics ability from twin (ρA) and population-level (ρG) models. Bars indicate point estimates (twin model: N=2,794 twin pairs; population-level model: N=2,221 individuals) with solid black lines indicating 95% confidence intervals.
