Figure 3: Ion bunch profiles.
From: Detailed observation of space–charge dynamics using ultracold ion bunches
(a) Measured and calculated radial dependence of the ion density. (b) Logarithm of the ion phase–space density, showing two orders of magnitude in density from light to dark, for a single bunch of 18,000 cold ions at propagation distance and time of 70 cm and 10.8 μs, respectively. The formation of a shock front at the outer edge of the bunch is illustrated by the caustic in the phase–space distribution. Inset of a shows typical measured density profile for a single bunch.
