Figure 3: Effect of Gmip KD on the speed and movement pattern of new neurons.

(a) Experimental scheme. The migration of GFP+ new neurons at 3 d.p.e. with control or Gmip KD vector in the anterior RMS (aRMS, red square) was recorded by time-lapse imaging. (b) Time-lapse sequence of labelled cells migrating in the anterior RMS of brain slices. Five cells in each slice are labelled in the 0-min panel, and their tracks over time are indicated by lines of the same colour (see also Supplementary Movie 1). (c) Average migration speed of labelled cells (control, n=68 cells; Gmip KD, n=77 cells, 3 mice each). ****P<0.0001, t-test. (d) Temporal change in the motility of the soma in control and Gmip KD neurons. The migration distance every 6 min was plotted. The blue and orange zones in each graph indicate the resting (0–6 μm) and migratory (>6 μm) phases, respectively. (e) Percentage of cells in the migratory phase (control, n=68 cells; Gmip KD, n=77 cells, 3 mice each). ****P<0.0001, t-test. (f) Examples of time-lapse series of labelled cells in slice culture (high magnification). Red arrows indicate the soma position at the beginning of the observation. Yellow and red arrowheads indicate the swelling and soma, respectively. (g) Average frequency of swellings observed per hour (control, n=18 cells; Gmip KD, n=24 cells, 3 mice each). ****P<0.0001, t-test. (h) Distance between the centre of the soma and the swelling (control, n=28 cells; Gmip KD, n=18 cells, 3 mice each). ****P<0.0001, t-test. (i) Average duration of each swelling (control, n=18 cells; Gmip KD, n=24 cells, 3 mice each). ****P<0.0001, t-test. Data represent mean±s.e.m. Scale bars, 100 μm (b,f). EP, electroporation.