Figure 4: Averaged rotational frequencies for modes with different azimuthal indices m.
Averaged rotational rates ‹ω›=v‹dϕ/dzk› (such as average slopes of the data in Fig. 3b) are shown for different topological charges m. Different data points for the same m correspond to different series of measurements, and error bars indicate the s.e.m. in each series. The solid lines represent frequencies averaged over all measurements, while the dashed lines indicate the theoretical values predicted in equation (4). The average values and s.e.m. (indicated as shaded bars) from all measurements are ‹ω›=(0.09±0.15)Ω for m<0, ‹ω›=(0.95±0.03)Ω for m=0 and ‹ω›=(2.06±0.14)Ω for m>0. This verifies the extraordinary rotational dynamics of electrons in Landau states, which exhibit zero, Larmor and cyclotron frequencies for the modes with m<0, m=0 and m>0, respectively.
