Figure 7: Second-order memory dynamics reveal overlapping modules.
From: Memory in network flows and its effects on spreading dynamics and community detection
Pathway data between San Francisco, Las Vegas and New York, represented with memory nodes capturing first-order (a,b) and second-order (c,d) memory dynamics. With first-order memory, the characteristic out-and-back travel of Las Vegas is lost and the dynamics are best described as movements in one module; describing the dynamics with two overlapping modules requires 0.63 more bits. With second-order memory, the out-and-back travel is evident and the dynamics are best described as movements in two overlapping modules, as movements between the modules are very rare. See Supplementary Fig. 4 for a detailed derivation of the description lengths.
