Figure 7: Pathogen effectors subverting plant SA biosynthesis.

Pathogens use cell-entering effectors (yellow) to suppress plant SA biosynthesis in distinct manners. Filamentous pathogen-derived enzymatic effectors (circle) inhibit SA accumulation by redirecting its precursors from plastid (darker green) to cytosol (mint green), whereas bacterial effector HopI1 (triangle) depresses SA levels by remodelling chloroplast thylakoid structure.