Figure 5: Phosphorylation regulates CES activity.

(a) The LUC reporter construct shown was transiently expressed in protoplasts generated from haf bee1 bee3 plants either alone (0) or with the effectors CES, CES^S75A+S77A, CES^S75E+S77E, CES^K72R, CES^T35A or CES^T35E. The y axis is fold increase in the ratio between the activities of firefly LUC (under control of the CYP718 promoter) and 35S promoter-driven control Renilla LUC (Ren-LUC). The s.d. of three independent biological replicates is shown. (b) Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments with different plants expressing wild-type or mutant CES-YFP reporter lines using an α-GFP antibody for CES-YFP precipitation. The enrichment of a G-box containing fragment of the CPD promoter in the antibody containing fraction (as compared with the control without antibody) was quantified by real-time PCR from immuno-precipitated samples. The s.d. of three biological replicates is shown.