Figure 8: Proposed reaction mechanism for CO oxidation on isolated Pd on the γ-alumina (100) surface.

The initial state (i) consists of square planar Pd in Al vacancy defect followed by CO adsorption on Pd (ii). CO2 is formed by removing an oxygen atom from the surface (iii), resulting in a vacancy (iv). Molecular oxygen is adsorbed in the Olat vacancy (v) and a second CO molecule is adsorbed (vi) and oxidized completing the catalytic cycle.