Figure 4: Evolution of Ag particles in 10 μM aqueous PdCl 2 solution during in situ TEM imaging.

(a) Initial TEM image of an ensemble of Ag nanoparticles in the liquid cell (scale bar, 100 nm) and higher magnification images of two of the particles (right of panel, scale bar, 20 nm). (b) The same group of nanoparticles (scale bar, 100 nm), and the same two individual particles (right of panel, scale bar 20 nm) after 52 s. Electron dose rate: 15.6 e− Å−2 s−1. Total dose per image: 5.2 e− Å−2. Cumulative electron dose between a and b: 811 e− Å−2. (c) Ex situ high-resolution Z-contrast image of three Ag–Pd nanoparticles formed in the process (scale bar. 20 nm).