Figure 1: Setup of the SFM measurement principle.
From: Real-space observation of unbalanced charge distribution inside a perovskite-sensitized solar cell
(a) Side view of the measurement principle. The CPD can be measured in dark and under illumination. Furthermore, the Au and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode can be disconnected or grounded to realize different working conditions of the device. By using SFM and KPFM, we obtain a real-space image of material interfaces (roughness and material contrast), material work functions and local charge-carrier accumulation on illumination. (b) Zoom-in and top view sketch of the material interfaces as seen by SFM in a FIB-polished area.
