Figure 3: Ex vivo analysis of tumour slices by two-photon microscopy.

(a) Ex vivo tumour slice from NICD/p53−/− mice observed by two-photon microscopy and represented as mosaic of 9 × 9 connected tiles. Epithelial cells have GFP-positive nuclei (green), second harmonic generation (SHG, pink) reveals the presence of collagen I. Insets represent higher magnification of several tumour areas (1–3 tumour bulk; 4–6 invasive areas). Scale bar, 100 μm. (b–d) Several examples of ex vivo tumour slices from NICD/p53−/− mice. Epithelial cells (GFP-positive nuclei, green), collagen I (SHG, pink), all cells (membrane dye, FM 4-64, blue). Images are taken from a Z-stack with 6 μm between planes. (b) Invasive front of the tumour. Note that stromal cells surround cancer cells. (c) Cancer cells invading stroma as clusters and strings parallel to the collagen fibres. (d) Cluster and single cancer cells invading collagen-rich stroma. Single cancer cells are labelled with white arrowheads. Inset, higher magnification of individual cancer cell with elongated nucleus. Scale bar, 100 μm.