Table 1 Primary respiratory muscles of turtles.
M. transversus thoracis | M. transversus abdominis | M. pulmonalis | M. obliquus abdominis | M. serratus | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topography | Embraces the anterior portion of the body cavity; often extends around the anterior portion of the lung | Embraces the posterior portion of the body cavity | Directly envelops the lung | Stretches along the posterior flanks between the hind legs and the shell | Stretches along the anterior flanks between the front legs and the shell |
Description | Sling-like | Sling-like | Thin sheet | Cup-shaped | Cup-shaped |
Function | Expiration; presumably also buoyancy control | Expiration; presumably also buoyancy control | Unknown; presumably expiration and/or buoyancy control | Inspiration | Inspiration and locomotion |
Synonymy | |||||
Townson51 | NA | Muscle of expiration | NA | Muscle of inspiration | NA |
Bojanus6 | M. diaphragmaticus | M. transversus abdominis | NA | M. obliquus abdominis | M. serratus magnus |
Rathke52 | Not specifically named, but not M. diaphragmaticus | M. transversus abdominis | NA | M. obliquus internus abdominis | NA |
Ogushi17 | M. tensor pleuro-peritonei | M. tensor pleuro-peritonei | NA | M. abdominis lateralis | M. carapaco-scapulo-coracoideus |
Hansemann53 | M. diaphragmaticus | M. transversus abdominis | M. pulmonalis | M. obliquus abdominis | NA |
George and Shah54 | diaphragmaticus | transverse abdominis | ‘Striated muscle’ | oblique abdominis | serratus magnus |
Ashley55 | NA | transverse abdominis | NA | oblique abdominis | serratus magnus |
Shah15 | M. diaphragmaticus | M. transversus abdominis | M. striatum pulmonale | M. obliquus abdominis | M. serratus magnus |
Gans and Hughes11 | NA | M. transversus abdominis | NA | M. obliquus abdominis | M. serratus magnus; M. testocoracoideus; M. serratus major |
Gaunt and Gans7 | M. diaphragmaticus | M. transversus abdominis | NA | M. obliquus abdominis | M. testocoracoideus |
Duncker36 | M. transversus thoracis | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Landberg et al.12 | diaphragmaticus | transverse abdominis | striatum pulmonale | oblique abdominis | NA |
Landberg et al.13 | diaphragmaticus | transverse abdominis | NA | oblique abdominis | NA |
Lambertz et al.16 | M. diaphragmaticus | NA | NA | NA | NA |
