Figure 2: Electron microscopy characterization.

(a) High-angle annular dark-field image of the Pd–W/OMCs. (b) Intensity profiles of Pd (L) and W (M) components in the Pd–W/OMCs obtained by a energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) line scan analysis (along the red line in a from left to right). (c) Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) image showing the Pd–W nanoparticles as bright area. (d–f) EDS mapping of the Pd–W/OMCs shown in c, with the signals attributed to the different elements shown as Pd (d), W (e) and their combination (f). (g) Cohesive energy of Pd–W (14% Pd) dodecahedral alloys according to the nanoparticle sizes. (h) A schematic representation of a Pd–W nanoparticle with Pd segregated preferentially at the particle surface, where Pd islands act as catalytic spots for ORR. Grey atoms corresponds to W, and blue atoms to Pd. Scale bars, 20 nm (a,c).