Figure 3: Controlling morphology and polymorph of round TiO2 single crystals via molecular structures of organic acids.

(a–e) 3D molecular structures of glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and salicylic acid as the organic capping agents. (f–j) SEM images and (k–o), corresponding geometric models of rutile TiO2 single crystals synthesized with the organic acids as shown in a–e. Scale bars of the images in first line and others are 5 and 1 μm, respectively. Note: anatase TiO2 single crystals were obtained by using salicylic acid.