Figure 7: Mind-controlled wireless-powered optogenetic implant in mice.
From: Mind-controlled transgene expression by a wireless-powered optogenetic designer cell implant
(a–c) Biofeedback-controlled transgene expression in HEK-293F cells transgenic for DGCL (pSO4) and PIFN(ACD+)-driven SEAP expression (pSO3) contained in a wireless-powered optogenetic implant (Fig. 5, Supplementary Fig. 5). (a) A human subject wearing an EEG headset capturing brain-wave activities (raw input (μV)) and providing discrete meditation-meter values (0–100), trained his/her mindset to maintain the biofeedback-derived meditation-meter value below (meditation-meter value low) or above (meditation-meter value high) a threshold value of 90 (dotted red line) (b,c) Mind-controlled meditation-meter values above 90 activated a field generator, inductively powered the subcutaneous wireless optogenetic implant inside the mice freely moving in the field generator, illuminated the culture chamber, thereby programming the designer cells to secrete SEAP that was measured in the animals’ bloodstream (b) and the implant chamber. (c) Isogenic DCL-deficient HEK-293F cells and mice without implants served as negative controls. (d–f) Mental states controlling transgene expression in HEK-293F cells transgenic for DGCL (pSO4) and PIFN(ACD+)-driven SEAP expression (pSO3) contained in a wireless-powered optogenetic implant. (d) A human subject wearing an EEG headset, capturing brain-wave activities (raw input (μV)) and providing discrete meditation-meter values (0–100), generated specific mental states, such as concentration (computer gaming) and meditation (relaxation), without visual inspection of the displayed meditation-meter values (no biofeedback). The subject’s mental state maintained the meditation-meter value below (concentration) or above (meditation) a threshold value of 75 (dotted red line). (e,f) Mind-controlled meditation-meter values above 75, activated a field generator, inductively powered the subcutaneous wireless optogenetic implant inside the mice freely moving in the field generator, illuminated the culture chamber, thereby programming the designer cells to secrete SEAP that was measured in the animals’ bloodstream (e) and the implant chamber (f). Isogenic DCL-deficient HEK-293F cells and treated mice not exposed to the field generator were used as negative controls. Data are mean±s.d.; statistics by two-tailed t-test; n=5 mice. *P<0.05, **P<0.01.
