Figure 3: USP9X binds, deubiquitinates and stabilizes Beclin 1 and Mcl-1.

(a) Full annotation of two USP9X peptides identified by mass spectrometry in Beclin 1 or Mcl-1 complexes immunoprecipitated from 293T cells. (b) Biochemical validation of the interaction between USP9X and either Beclin 1 or Mcl-1 in 293T cells expressing the indicated constructs. (c) Physical binding between USP9X and both Beclin 1 and Mcl-1 at the endogenous protein levels in 293T cells. (d,e) Endogenous Beclin 1, Mcl-1 or Bcl-2 were immunoprecipitated from 293T cells transfected with constructs encoding USP9X WT or the enzymatically inactive USP9X C/S. The ubiquitination status of the immunoprecipitated proteins (d) as well as protein levels in total cell lysates (e) was assessed in each condition.