Figure 5: Parallel tracking of multiple beads with subnanometre resolution.
From: Camera-based three-dimensional real-time particle tracking at kHz rates and Ångström accuracy

The 3D positions of 26 firmly attached 3-μm polystyrene beads were tracked simultaneously at 420 Hz. (a) Example of time traces of three of the 26 beads in which the piezoelectric stage was moved every 1 s by 0.3 nm in alternating direction along the x axis (see sketch). Shown position data were smoothed to 105 and 10 Hz (shown as light and dark red). (b) Allan deviations of the relative positions of all 26 beads against a reference bead in the lateral direction. (c) Example of time traces of three of the 26 beads in which the piezoelectric stage was moved every 1 s by 0.3 nm in alternating direction along the z axis (see sketch). Shown position data were smoothed to 105 and 10 Hz (shown as light and dark green). (d) Allan deviations of the relative positions of all 26 beads against a reference bead in the vertical direction.