Figure 4: Results of our behavioural experiment.

(a) Generated force at the (t+1)-th trial after experiencing a movement error e_t in the force channel trials in group 1 (black dotted line, mean±s.e.m., n=12). The green solid line shows the fitting of our model (R²=0.9950). (b) Actual data (mean±s.e.m., n=12 for each group) and learning curves predicted by our model (R²=0.8638 for group 1 (green), R²=0.7967 for group 2 (red) and R²=0.7968 for group 3 (blue)). Notably, the parameters were fit to data from only group 1, and our model predicted the learning curves for groups 2 and 3 with these parameters. Data for the adaptation to the 30° and −30° visuomotor rotations are included in each group. (c) Histogram of bootstrapped learning speed. Vertical solid lines denote the mean values of each distribution.