Figure 2: MBH oleic acid-PKC-δ activation and hepatic scd-1 mRNA expression.

(a) Schematic representation of working hypothesis. (b) Experimental protocol for experiments shown (c,d) and Fig. 3a–d: MBH preinfusions of vehicle, bisindolylmaleimide (BIM) or rottlerin (rot) were commenced at −20 min, and infusions of vehicle, oleic acid, oleic acid+BIM, oleic acid+rot, 1-OAG or OAG+rot were commenced at t=−10 min. (c) Plasma TG concentrations and (d) rates of appearance of VLDL-TG in plasma with MBH infusion of vehicle and rot (white squares, n=7), oleic acid (black squares, n=8), oleic acid+BIM (grey circles, n=7) or oleic acid+rot (grey triangles, n=6). *P<0.04, **P<0.007 oleic acid versus other groups. (e) Representative western blots of PKC-δ (top), IR and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) protein levels in cytosolic (C) and plasma membrane (PM) fractions in and (f) ratios of plasma membrane PKC-δ: cytosolic PKC-δ protein concentrations of, MBH tissues treated with vehicle and rot (n=8), oleic acid (n=7) or oleic acid+rot (n=8). *P<0.05 versus other groups. MW, molecular weight. (g) Representative western blots and ratios of protein levels of (h) phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC) to total acetyl-CoA carboxylase (totACC) and (i) FAS, (j) diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), (k) diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) and (l) microsomal MTP to β-actin in livers from experiments shown in c,d. Expressions of mRNA (fold-increase versus vehicle and rot) of (m) stearoyl-CoA desaturase (scd-1), (n) sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (srebp-1), (o) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (ppar-α) and (p) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (ppar-γ) in livers from experiments shown in c,d. *P<0.05 versus other groups. (q) TG content in livers from experiments shown in c,d. Data are presented as mean+s.e.m. Statistical significance determined by Dunnett’s post hoc test after analysis of variance (ANOVA). For measurements over time, repeated measures ANOVA was used followed by Duncan’s post hoc test.