Figure 3: Study and analysis of voltage impulse-induced polarization and canted moment switches in CoFe/BFO.

(a) Schematic of coupling between magnetic moment M of CoFe layer coupled and the IP component of M_C in BFO layer, where M_C can be tuned by an OOP E field. (b) The IP (left) and OOP (right) PFM images with arrows indicating the polarization orientation in each stripe before (left half of each image) and after applying an OOP E field. (c) Angular dependence of the FMR field after applying different voltage pulses, +5 V (red) and −5 V (blue), at each angle α. Dash line represents theoretical simulation results. (d) Dependence of β, the angle between the IP projection of the canted moment in the red BFO domain and the easy axis, on applied voltage pulse, compared with the polarization of the BFO layer versus applied voltage measured at 9.5 GHz. Error bars in c are defined as the s.d. of five FMR measurements for each FMR data. Error bars in d are deducted by the error of FMR measurements.