Table 1 Top 10 downregulated genes.

From: Origins of multicellular evolvability in snowflake yeast

Gene

Fold change

FDR-adjusted P value

Function

SCW11

−16.5

6.22·10−12

Cell wall protein with similarity to glucanases; may play a role in conjugation during mating based on its regulation by Ste12p.

CTS1

−13.6

2.86·10−43

Endochitinase, required for cell separation after mitosis; transcriptional activation during the G1 phase of the cell cycle is mediated by transcription factor Ace2p.

DSE1

−9.7

1.21·10−12

Daughter cell-specific protein, may regulate crosstalk between the mating and filamentation pathways; deletion affects cell separation after division and sensitivity to alpha-factor and drugs affecting the cell wall.

AMN1

−8.8

5.55·10−9

Protein required for daughter cell separation, multiple mitotic checkpoints, and chromosome stability; contains 12 degenerate leucin10-rich repeat motifs; expression is induced by the Mitotic Exit Network.

DSE2

−6

7.10·10−20

Daughter cell-specific secreted protein with similarity to glucanases, degrades cell wall from the daughter side causing daughter to separate from mother; expression is repressed by cAMP.

IZH4

−5.3

1.34·10−7

Membrane protein involved in zinc ion homeostasis, member of the four-protein IZH family, expression induced by fatty acids and altered zinc levels; deletion reduces sensitivity to excess zinc; possible role in sterol metabolism.

YNL277W-A

−4.9

0.013919

Putative protein of unknown function.

YFR057W

−4.7

0.040354

Putative protein of unknown function.

DSE4

−4.3

6.32·10−08

Daughter cell-specific secreted protein with similarity to glucanases, degrades cell wall from the daughter side causing daughter to separate from mother.

SUN4

−3.3

3.92·10−05

Cell wall protein related to glucanases, possibly involved in cell wall septation; member of the SUN family.

  1. cAMP, cyclic AMP; FDR, false discovery rate.
  2. Genes involved in daughter cell separation have been bolded. Gene function obtained from the Saccharomyces Genome Database.