Figure 7: Time evolution of bubbles exhibiting a peripheral and a central breakup.
From: Dynamics of an initially spherical bubble rising in quiescent liquid
Three-dimensional and cross-sectional views of the bubble at various times (from bottom to top the dimensionless time is 1, 2, 4 and 5). (a) region IV, a bubble breaking into a spherical cap and several small satellite bubbles, Ga=70.7 and Eo=20, and (b) region V, a bubble changing in topology from dimpled ellipsoidal to toroidal, Ga=70.7 and Eo=200.
